A large firm in the newspaper industry employs 250 people, of which 36 are upper-level managers. As a result of this employee-to-manager ratio, the firm experiences 14.4% reduced productivity. At the same time, a small firm with 65 employees and 4 upper-level managers experiences 6.2% reduced productivity. If everything else is constant, what can we say about the cost structure in this industry over this range of production?

The firms in this industries have dis-economies of scale.

Explanation:

When firms have dis-economies of scale, they experience higher average cost (this means lower productivity) with a rise in the output.

being born in poverty would limit the people's chances, opportunities and benefits.

this happen because of several things, such as:

- poor people tend to gain less access to good education and nutrition. this mean that their chance to obtain high paying jobs would also be limited.

- poor people tend to socialize with other poor people while the rich tend to socialize with other rich people. this means that simply throguh their social circle, rich people would have more business opportunities compared to the poor people.

- rich people tend to have more capital in their disposal. this would benefit them in business since it is far easier for them to fund their business operation compared to poor people.

answer; private store;