The philosophical leaders of the quality movement, Philip Crosby, W. Edwards Deming, and Joseph M. Juran, had the same general message about what it took to achieve outstanding quality. Which of the following was not part of that message?A. Quality is not free
B. Leadership from senior management
C. Customer focus
D. Total involvement of the workforce
E. Continuous improvement

The correct answer is A. Quality is free.

Explanation:

Deming's main interest was the application of statistical techniques since he was trained in the group of Walter Shewart, who developed the methods of statistical quality control (SQC). It was Deming who introduced the statistical quality control methods in Japan after World War II, and which underpin Kaoru lshikawa's approach to total quality control.

His proposal is the basis for the transformation, adoption and performance of the administration applied both in small and large organizations, whether they are services or dedicated to the manufacture of goods, these are known as the Deming philosophy for quality .

The thinking of Juran, as well as that of the other quality philosophers, is focused on ensuring that companies achieve and maintain quality leadership, define the roles of senior managers to lead their companies towards that objective and dispose of the means to be used by managers for that leadership.

Juran bases his theory on quality on the observations made to the Japanese and their strategies used, which included:

• Senior management occupation

• Training for all functions and at all levels

• Quality improvement at a continuous and revolutionary rate

• Participation of the workforce through quality control circles

The evaluation of the characteristics of the product begins by asking customers how they evaluate quality; and the task of senior managers will be to ensure that company manuals and information include clear definitions of the word quality.

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