Edward is a hardworking employee at Holmes Community Credit Union who has never been complimented or rewarded by his boss for doing his work well. As a result, Edward never expects his good work to be recognized. According to the expectancy theory, Edward's lack of expectation of being rewarded reveals:.
A) low valence for the outcome.
B) low instrumentality.
C) high instrumentality.
D) high valence for the outcome.
E) high expectancy.