What type of international risk exposure measures the change in present value of a firm resulting from changes in future operating cash flows caused by any unexpected change in exchange rates?a) transaction exposure. b) accounting exposure. c) operating exposure. d) translation exposure.

The gomez company, a merchandising firm, has budgeted its activity for december according to the following information: • sales at $500,000, all for cash. • merchandise inventory on november 30 was $250,000. • the cash balance at december 1 was $20,000. • selling and administrative expenses are budgeted at $50,000 for december and are paid for in cash. • budgeted depreciation for december is $30,000. • the planned merchandise inventory on december 31 is $260,000. • the cost of goods sold represents 75% of the selling price. • all purchases are paid for in cash. the budgeted cash disbursements for december are:

1. the political environment in india has proven to be critical to company performance for both pepsico and coca-cola india. what specific aspects of the political environment have played key roles? could these effects have been anticipated prior to market entry? if not, could developments in the political arena have been handled better by each company? 2. timing of entry into the indian market brought different results for pepsico and coca-cola india. what benefits or disadvantages accrued as a result of earlier or later market entry? 3. the indian market is enormous in terms of population and geography. how have the two companies responded to the sheer scale of operations in india in terms of product policies, promotional activities, pricing policies, and distribution arrangements? 4. “global localization” (glocalization) is a policy that both companies have implemented successfully. give examples for each company from the case.

A4-year project has an annual operating cash flow of $59,000. at the beginning of the project, $5,000 in net working capital was required, which will be recovered at the end of the project. the firm also spent $23,900 on equipment to start the project. this equipment will have a book value of $5,260 at the end of the project, but can be sold for $6,120. the tax rate is 35 percent. what is the year 4 cash flow?