Vertical integration is a strategy in which a company expands backwards into an industry that provides outputs for its products. Usha Martin followed this strategy by:

a. aking coal and then starting to make wire ropes.
b. making wire ropes and expanding to make the steel for the ropes.
c. implementing coal mining and then starting to make steel.
d. making steel and expanding to making the wire ropes out of it.

Hello! i️ believe a.) is the correct answer. : )

In the 10th grade, i was teamed up in a group of four. our project was on modern history. altho it seemed super hard for many of us. patrick fleming  took charge and showed us the understanding of this project.  his leadership showed great ethics and it taught me, personally, how to others understand, not just to show them, but explain it thoroughly. and altho he was a great teacher i would have changed a few things. one being his attitude. many times he would get frustrated and impatient with the group.  i think  a leader i would have done exactly  what he did but with much more patience and be there more to explain. such as lunch  learning. and giving everybody a chance to try to explain it in their  head.