payments are known as lump sums. We can solve for the future value or the present value of a lump sum as we discuss below.
Finding the future value (FV), or , is the process of going from today's values to future amounts. The FV equation is

FV=PV(1 + I)^N

a. Single

b. Compounding

Explanation:

Lump sums refers to a single payment that is made to a person or an organisation at a specified time. This is different from installment payment that is made as a number of smaller payments over a specified period of time.

Compounding refers to a method of reinvesting earnings or profits from assets or investment with aim of generating extra earnings over time.

Compounding is the foundation of Future Value  (FV) as it considers the present value (PV) of an asset, the total number of years, how frequent the compounding takes place in a year, and the annual interest rate as given in the formula in the question which represented as follows:

FV = PV(1 + I)^N

Where;

FV = Future Value

PV = Present Value

I = annual interest rate

N = number of years

Therefore, single payments are known as lump sums. We can solve for the future value or the present value of a lump sum as we discuss below.

Finding the future value (FV), or compounding, is the process of going from today's values to future amounts.