Josh runs into heavy traffic every day while driving to work. yesterday, he left home earlier than usual and did not run into heavy traffic. again, today, he left earlier and avoided heavy traffic. his behavior of leaving earlier enabled him to avoid heavy traffic and reach the office on time. in which of the following processes did josh engage?
a. positive reinforcement
b. extinction
c. punishment
d. negative reinforcement
e. intermittent reinforcement

Calvin works at a facility which processes apples. it costs the facility $0.68 to make either a jar of applesauce or a bottle of apple juice. due to the nature of the process and contractual agreements, calvin's facility must make and sell three jars of applesauce for every two bottles of apple juice. a jar of applesauce sells for $2.20, and a bottle of apple juice sells for $3.15. if the facility has annual overhead costs of $368,500, not including production costs, how many bottles of apple juice will the facility have sold when it breaks even every year? round to the nearest whole bottle, if necessary.

Dr. dow jones wants to know whether a problem-based approach to teaching economics will result in higher academic performance than his traditional method. of the six sections of economics 101 at his university, dr. jones randomly assigns three sections to the traditional method and three sections to the problem-based method for unit 1 of the course. then all sections switch the instructional method for unit 2. he plans to compare the performance of the two groups of sections on their unit 1 and unit 2 exams. this study employs a design.

If you were running a company, what are at least two things you could do to improve its productivity.