The , also known as the "grapevine," allows employees to speak directly and not chance the message being altered as it moves though the formal communication network

Informal communication network

Explanation:

Grapevine within an organisation can lead to various problems, such as confusions and lack of communication. Grapevine are the rumours which are usually circulated by individuals, it can be stopped by proper communication with the employees. Another name of the grapevine is informal communication which allows employees to speak directly without proper channels of the formal communication network.

d, conspicuous consumption is when you try to increase your wealth or social status (and in the case he's trying to create the perception of wealth considering he can't really afford it)

answer; the coefficient of determination;