Rafael thinks he makes life easy on his employees. He tells them exactly what to do, how to do it, and when. He believes that most of his employees are lazy, and will go straight to their phones if he doesn't keep an eye on them. Therefore, he spends much of his time monitoring their work. When he finds an employee who is not performing up to his or her expectations, Rafael uses threats and punishment to increase the worker's motivation. Rafael is a Theory X manager.

a. True
b. False

The correct answer is letter "A": True.

Explanation:

American economist Douglas McGregor (1906-1964) proposed the Theory X of managements to describe the position top executives have on their subordinates. According to the theory, employees do not like their work, avoid responsibility and must be constantly supervised. That situation arises because workers are not ambitious and have to be rewarded or punished to accomplish their objectives.

Thus, Rafael's managerial profile matches with Theory X.