You arrive at the airport and wonder to what extent the security checkpoint is a lean operation. Among other things, you observe that it takes about 30 seconds to check an ID, scan a passenger for weapons, and X-ray their luggage. However, the average cus- tomer spends about 20 minutes in the process. This observation is an example of which of the following?

a. Waste of capacity
b. Waste of a flow unit’s time
c. Waste of materials
d. This observation is unrelated to lean.

Which of the following best describes why you need to establish goals for your program?

Reliability and validity reliability and validity are two important considerations that must be made with any type of data collection. reliability refers to the ability to consistently produce a given result. in the context of psychological research, this would mean that any instruments or tools used to collect data do so in consistent, reproducible ways. unfortunately, being consistent in measurement does not necessarily mean that you have measured something correctly. to illustrate this concept, consider a kitchen scale that would be used to measure the weight of cereal that you eat in the morning. if the scale is not properly calibrated, it may consistently under- or overestimate the amount of cereal that’s being measured. while the scale is highly reliable in producing consistent results (e.g., the same amount of cereal poured onto the scale produces the same reading each time), those results are incorrect. this is where validity comes into play. validity refers to the extent to which a given instrument or tool accurately measures what it’s supposed to measure. while any valid measure is by necessity reliable, the reverse is not necessarily true. researchers strive to use instruments that are both highly reliable and valid.

Diamond motor car company produces some of the most luxurious and expensive cars in the world. typically, only a single dealership is authorized to sell its cars in certain major cities. in less populous areas, diamond authorizes a single dealer for an entire state or region. the manufacturer of diamond automobiles is using a(n) distribution strategy for its product.