The financial statements reflect historical data, but managers' performance must be evaluated on the basis of -Select- 1 of Item 1 values. To provide this information, financial analysts have developed two measures: Market Value Added (MVA) and Economic Value Added (EVA).

Market Value Added represents the difference between the money stockholders have invested in the firm versus the cash they could receive if the firm were sold. The equation for MVA is:

MVA = (Shares outstanding × Stock price) – Total common equity

Shareholder wealth is maximized when this difference is -Select- 2 of Item 1. The -Select-lowerhigherCorrect 3 of Item 1 a firm's MVA, the better the job management is doing for its shareholders.

Economic Value Added is sometimes called "-Select-economic profitaccounting profitnet incomeCorrect 4 of Item 1", and it is closely related to MVA. The equation for EVA is:

EVA = EBIT(1 - T) - (Total invested capital x After-tax percentage cost of capital)

Note that total invested capital is equal to the sum of notes payable, long-term debt, and total common equity. EVA differs from -Select-net worthnet incomecash flowCorrect 5 of Item 1 because EVA has a deduction for the cost of equity. Positive EVA on an annual basis helps ensure that MVA is also positive. -Select-MVAEPSEVACorrect 6 of Item 1 can be determined for divisions as well as for the firm as a whole, so it is useful for establishing reasonable compensation for divisional managers as well as top company officers.

Quantitative Problem: Rosnan Industries' 2013 and 2012 balance sheets and income statements are shown below.

Balance Sheets:
2013 2012
Cash and equivalents $100 $85
Accounts receivable 275 200
Inventories 375 250
Total current assets $750 $635
Net plant and equipment 2,000 1,490
Total assets $2,750 $2,125
Accounts payable $150 $85
Accruals 75 50
Notes payable 150 75
Total current liabilities $375 $210
Long-term debt 450 290
Common stock 1,225 1,225
Retained earnings 700 400
Total liabilities and equity $2,750 $2,125
Income Statements:
2013 2012
Sales $2,000 $1,500
Operating costs excluding depreciation 1,250 1,000
EBITDA $750 $500
Depreciation and amortization 100 75
EBIT $650 $425
Interest 62 45
EBT $588 $380
Taxes (40%) 235 152
Net income $353 $228
Dividends paid $53 $48
Addition to retained earnings $300 $180
Shares outstanding 160 160
Price $ 27.78 $ 25.28
WACC 9.00 %
Using the financial statements above, what is Rosnan's 2013 market value added (MVA)? Round your answer to the nearest dollar. Do not round intermediate calculations.

$

Using the financial statements given earlier, what is Rosnan's 2013 economic value added (EVA)? Round your answer to the nearest cent. Do not round intermediate calculations.

$