When their mom took them to the store yesterday, she asked David and Andrew to help her remember to buy apples. While David focused his attention on how apples were his favorite fruit, Andrew thought of seeing a bag of big red apples in the shopping cart. David was using and Andrew .a. elaboration; structural encoding
b. elaboration; visual imagery
c. phonemic encoding; structural encoding
d. phonemic encoding; visual imagery

B. ;

Explanation:

E is the process or strategy of assigning meaningful information to whatever one is trying to remember which in turn will make the non-meaningful information easier to remember. When using elaboration technique, you need to add pre existing information to what you're trying to remember. In this case, David employed elaboration technique by focusing on apple being his favorite fruit. The pre existing information here is that he has a favorite fruit.

is a memory technique that involves constructing mental images when learning new information in order to be able to better recall the information later. In order for Andrew to remember, he thought of seeing a bag of red apples in the shopping cart. The bag of red apples is a mental image he constructed for himself to be able to remember.

Elaboration and Visual Imagery both involve combining new information with things already in long-term memory.