A customer configures a popular brand's laptop online with the exact arrangements that fit her needs, from the color to the memory capacity of the laptop. At the company's assembly plant, specialized automated systems are employed to guide and control the transformation processes. This is an example of .

a. standardization
b. benchmarking
c. computer-assisted manufacturing
d. continuous manufacturing
e. mass production

Reliability and validity reliability and validity are two important considerations that must be made with any type of data collection. reliability refers to the ability to consistently produce a given result. in the context of psychological research, this would mean that any instruments or tools used to collect data do so in consistent, reproducible ways. unfortunately, being consistent in measurement does not necessarily mean that you have measured something correctly. to illustrate this concept, consider a kitchen scale that would be used to measure the weight of cereal that you eat in the morning. if the scale is not properly calibrated, it may consistently under- or overestimate the amount of cereal that’s being measured. while the scale is highly reliable in producing consistent results (e.g., the same amount of cereal poured onto the scale produces the same reading each time), those results are incorrect. this is where validity comes into play. validity refers to the extent to which a given instrument or tool accurately measures what it’s supposed to measure. while any valid measure is by necessity reliable, the reverse is not necessarily true. researchers strive to use instruments that are both highly reliable and valid.

Abbington company has a manufacturing facility in brooklyn that manufactures robotic equipment for the auto industry. for year 1, abbingtonabbington collected the following information from its main production line: actual quantity purchased-200 units, actual quantity used-110 units, units standard quantity-100 units, actual price paid-$8 per unit, standard price-$10 per unit. atlantic isolates price variances at the time of purchase. what is the materials price variance for year 1? 1. $400 favorable. 2. $400 unfavorable. 3. $220 favorable. 4. $220 unfavorable.

Do it! review 16-3 the assembly department for right pens has the following production data for the current month. beginning work in process units transferred out ending work in process 0 22,500 16,000 materials are entered at the beginning of the process. the ending work in process units are 70% complete as to conversion costs. compute the equivalent units of production for (a) materials and (b) conversion costs. materials conversion costs the equivalent units of production