A successful TQM program incorporates all of the following except . ANSWER Unselected benchmarking Unselected centralized decision-making authority Unselected continuous improvement Unselected I DON'T KNOW YET

Centralized decision making authority

Explanation:

The concept of total quality management was proposed by Edwards Deming who laid immense emphasis upon improvement of product quality and providing highest value to the customers.

The concept aims at providing high quality goods, effective after sales services, driven by the objective of providing highest level of possible satisfaction to the customers.

TQM includes benchmarking which means creating standards or benchmarks against which actual performance shall be evaluated.

It includes continuous improvement in products and services as this being one of it's objectives.

The concept does not incorporate centralized decision making which refers to decisions being taken only by the top management with subordinates having negligible say. Such decision making would increase the time and hence reduce efficiency.

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explanation:

answer(b); ; ; the quantitative or qualitative variable for which the experimenter wishes to determine how its value is affected by the explanatory variable;