An article in the Wall Street Journal in early 2001 noted two developments in the market for laser eye surgery. The first development concerned side effects from the surgery, including blurred vision. The second development was that the companies renting eyeminus−surgery machinery to doctors had reduced their charges. In the market for laser eye surgeries, these two developments

Turrubiates corporation makes a product that uses a material with the following standards standard quantity 8.0 liters per unit standard price $2.50 per liter standard cost $20.00 per unit the company budgeted for production of 3,800 units in april, but actual production was 3,900 units. the company used 32,000 liters of direct material to produce this output. the company purchased 20,100 liters of the direct material at $2.6 per liter. the direct materials purchases variance is computed when the materials are purchased. the materials quantity variance for april is: