At a golf tournament, one of the players negligently hits a spectator with a golf ball, knocking the spectator unconscious. While lying on the ground, waiting for an ambulance to come, the spectator is struck by a bolt of lightning and killed. The golfer is liable for the injuries caused by the golf ball. He is not liable for the death of the spectator, however. Which of the following defenses to the imposition of liability did the golfer most likely raise?

superseding or intervening event

Explanation:

A superseding or intervening event refers to an event that occurred after the initial negligent event that caused the injury or the accident. If this intervening event causes further injury or damage, the tortfeasor is not responsible for it.

The golfer (tortfeasor) is responsible for hitting the spectator (initial negligent act), but the lightning hitting him/her while lying on the floor is considered a superseding event and the golfer is not responsible for any damages caused by the lightning.

a manufacturer of printed circuit boards uses exponential smoothing with trend to forecast monthly demand of its product. at the end of december, the company wishes to forecast sales for january. the estimate of trend through november has been 200 additional boards sold per month. average sales have been around 1000 units per month. the demand for december was 1100 units. the company uses α = 0.20 and β = 0.10. make a forecast including trend for the month of january.