Managers feel confident that they can understand, predict, and react to the external forces affecting their businesses when:.
a. environmental change is extensive.
b. environmental complexity is high.
c. the industry is not at an equilibrium state.
d. resource scarcity is low.

D. Resource scarcity is low

Explanation:

When environmental changes and complexities are at low levels ( that is, like technological changes, law, politics, conpetition, trends etc.) and also resource scarcity is low (which means resources are in abundance or plentiful), managers becomes more confident that they can understand, predict, and react to the external forces affecting their businesses.

Low resource scarcity is makes managers very confident because they have available more resources to undergo their production processes.

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answer; institution;