The confusion created by makes it difficult for companies to create customer relationship management, supply chain management, or enterprise systems that integrate data from different sources.

1. batch processing
2. data redundancy
3. data independence
4. online processing
5. data freedom

Employees who are paid to complete a task, such as build a house, are paid on a(n) basis

Google started as one of many internet search engines, amazon started as an online book seller, and ebay began as a site where people could sell used personal items in auctions. these firms have grown to be so large and dominant that they are facing antitrust scrutiny from competition regulators in the us and elsewhere. did these online giants grow by fairly beating competition, or did they use unfair advantages? are there any clouds on the horizon for these firms -- could they face diseconomies of scale or diseconomies of scope as they continue to grow? if so, what factors may limit their continued growth?

The purchasing agent for a company that assembles and sells air-conditioning equipment in a latin american country noted that the cost of compressors has increased significantly each time they have been reordered. the company uses an eoq model to determine order size. what are the implications of this price escalation with respect to order size? what factors other than price must be taken into consideration?