The three main luxury hotels in a major tourist destination keep very close track of their competitors' room pricing, restaurant offerings, tour packages, and special services, such as airport transportation and spa privileges. when one hotel makes adjustments in prices or offerings, the other hotels follow suit. it is possible that these hotels are:
a. following uncertainty reducing strategies. b. following a competitive response strategy. c. monitoring business competitors for opportunistic behaviors. d. engaging in tacit collusion.

Penny poodle wanted to know which dog obedience training program was more effective: puppy pride, the approach she has been using for any years, or doggie do-right, a new approach. penny convinced 50 human companions of untrained dogs to participate in her study. the dogs and their humans were randomly assigned to complete the puppy pride or doggie do-right course. at the end of the training programs, all of the dogs were scored on their level of obedience on a standardized dog obedience checklist (scores could range from 10 to 100). the design of this study is: