Achange in income preferences or prices of other goods or services leads to a that causes a:

change in demand; shift of the demand curve.

Explanation:

We know that income elasticity of demand derives by considering the percentage change in quantity demanded and percentage change in income

In mathematically,

Income elasticity of demand = (percentage change in quantity demanded) ÷ (percentage change in income)

By considering the above information, the change in income preferences is due to change in demand plus it also shift of the demand curve

answer; ///(d); determining who competes most closely   with whom evaluating whether industry driving forces and competitive pressure favor some strategic groups and hurt others, and ascertaining whether the profit potential of different strategic groups varies due to the strengths and weaknesses in each groups respective market positions;