For each of the following explain whether the rate structure is progressive, proportional, or regressive:
a. plymouth county imposes a 5% tax on all retail sales in the county. taxpayers with incomes less than $12,000 receive a refund of the tax they pay.
b. the country of zambonia imposes a 10% tax on the taxable income of all individuals.
c. regan county imposes a property tax using the following schedule:
assessed value tax
$ -0- to $10,000 $40
$10,001 to $40,000 $40 + 1% of the value in excess of $10,000
$40,001 to $80,000 $340 + 2% of the value in excess of $40,000
$80,001 and above $1,140 + 3% of the value in excess of $80,000
d. the city of thomasville bases its dog licensing fee on the weight of the dog per the following schedule:
weight (in pounds)tax rate
0 to 40 $2 + 50% of weight
41 to 80 $22 + 40% of weight in excess of 40 lbs.
81 and above $36 + 30% of weight in excess of 80 lbs

The new york times (nov. 30, 1993) reported that “the inability of opec to agree last week to cut production has sent the oil market into turmoil . . [leading to] the lowest price for domestic crude oil since june 1990.” why were the members of opec trying to agree to cut production? so they could save more oil for future consumption so they could lower the price so they could raise the price why do you suppose opec was unable to agree on cutting production? because each country has a different production capacity because each country experiences different production costs because each country has an incentive to cheat on any agreement the newspaper also noted opec’s view “that producing nations outside the organization, like norway and britain, should do their share and cut production.” what does the phrase “do their share” suggest about opec’s desired relationship with norway and britain? opec would like norway and britain to keep their production levels high. opec would like norway and britain to act competitively. opec would like norway and britain to join the cartel.