Afirm's dividend payments less any net new equity raised is referred to as the firm’s: a. operating cash flow. b. capital spending. c. net working capital. d. cash flow from creditors. e. cash flow to stockholders.

The correct answer is letter "E": cash flow to stockholders.

Explanation:

The cash flow to stockholders is the amount of money a firm pays to its debtholders and stockholders. It is calculating by subtracting the dividends paid minus new equity -if raised any. The Board of Directors determines the amount and the period to be considered for the dividends and if they are paid from the organization's current earnings or the reserve revenues.