Derek, a cash basis, unmarried taxpayer, had $1,580 of state income tax withheld during 2019. also in 2019, derek paid $158 that was due when he filed his 2018 state income tax return and made estimated payments of $3,160 towards his 2019 state income tax liability. when derek files his 2019 federal income tax return in april 2020, he elects to take the standard deduction, which reduced his taxable income. as a result of overpaying his 2019 state income tax, derek receives a refund of $1,106 in 2020.how much of the $1,106 will derek include in his 2020 gross income?

What is private equity investing? who participates in it and why? how is palamon positioned in the industry? how does private equity investing compare with public market investing? what are the similarities and differences between the two? why is palamon interested in teamsystem? does it fit with palamon’s investment strategy? how much is 51% of teamsystem’s common equity worth? use both a discounted cash flow and a multiple-based valuation to justify your recommendation. what complexities do cross-border deals introduce? what are the specific risks of this deal? what should louis elson recommend to his partners? is it a go or not? if it is a go, what nonprice terms are important? if it’s not a go, what counterproposal would you make?