Natural essences, a company that manufactures hair products, offers "dollar-off coupons" to adult women to get them to try its shampoos and conditioners. this is an example of:

a. sales promotion.
b. publicity.
c. personal selling.
d. diversification.
e. product development.

Reactive power generation has the following capital structure. its corporate tax rate is 40%. security market value required rate of return debt $ 30 million 4 % preferred stock 30 million 6 common stock 40 million 10 what is its wacc? (do not round intermediate calculations. enter your answer as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places.)

The following account balances at the beginning of january were selected from the general ledger of fresh bagel manufacturing company: work in process inventory $0 raw materials inventory $ 28 comma 100 finished goods inventory $ 40 comma 600 additional data: 1. actual manufacturing overhead for january amounted to $ 65 comma 000. 2. total direct labor cost for january was $ 63 comma 400. 3. the predetermined manufacturing overhead rate is based on direct labor cost. the budget for the year called for $ 255 comma 000 of direct labor cost and $ 382 comma 500 of manufacturing overhead costs. 4. the only job unfinished on january 31 was job no. 151, for which total direct labor charges were $ 5 comma 200 (1 comma 300 direct labor hours) and total direct material charges were $ 14 comma 400. 5. cost of direct materials placed in production during january totaled $ 123 comma 700. there were no indirect material requisitions during january. 6. january 31 balance in raw materials inventory was $ 35 comma 300. 7. finished goods inventory balance on january 31 was $ 35 comma 400. what is the cost of goods manufactured for january?

When the price is the equilibrium price, we would expect there to be a causing the market to put pressure on the price until it went back to the equilibrium price. a. above; surplus; upward b. above; shortage; downward c. below; surplus; upward d. below; shortage; downward e. above; surplus; downward?