Norma, who is single and uses the cash method of accounting, lives in a state that imposes an income tax. in april 2019, she files her state income tax return for 2018 and pays an additional $1,920 in state income taxes. during 2019, her withholdings for state income tax purposes amount to $6,720, and she pays estimated state income tax of $1,344. in april 2020, she files her state income tax return for 2019, claiming a refund of $3,456. norma receives the refund in august 2020. norma has no other state or local tax expenses.