How do network externalities affect barriers to entry? network externalities
a. reduce barriers to entry because production becomes more efficient.
b. serve as barriers to entry because one firm can supply at lower average cost.
c. serve as barriers to entry because government regulations prevent entry.
d. serve as barriers to entry because new products are less useful.
e. reduce barriers to entry because consumers are more satisfied.

Old school publishing inc. began printing operations on january 1. jobs 301 and 302 were completed during the month, and all costs applicable to them were recorded on the related cost sheets. jobs 303 and 304 are still in process at the end of the month, and all applicable costs except factory overhead have been recorded on the related cost sheets. in addition to the materials and labor charged directly to the jobs, $1,030 of indirect materials and $12,430 of indirect labor were used during the month. the cost sheets for the four jobs entering production during the month are as follows, in summary form:

Visburg concrete company pours concrete slabs for single-family dwellings. lancing construction company, which operates outside visburg's normal sales territory, asks visburg to pour 40 slabs for lancing's new development of homes. visburg has the capacity to build 300 slabs and is presently working on 250 of them. lancing is willing to pay only $3, 300 per slab. visburg estimates the cost of a typical job to include unit-level materials, $1, 440: unit-level labor, $720: and an allocated portion of facility-level overhead, $1, 200. required calculate the contribution to profit from the special order. should visburg accept or reject the special order to pour 40 slabs for $3, 300 each?

The following account balances at the beginning of january were selected from the general ledger of fresh bagel manufacturing​ company: work in process inventory ​$0 raw materials inventory $ 29 comma 000 finished goods inventory $ 40 comma 900 additional​ data: 1. actual manufacturing overhead for january amounted to $ 62 comma 600. 2. total direct labor cost for january was $ 63 comma 600. 3. the predetermined manufacturing overhead rate is based on direct labor cost. the budget for the year called for $ 255 comma 000 of direct labor cost and $ 382 comma 500 of manufacturing overhead costs. 4. the only job unfinished on january 31 was job no.​ 151, for which total direct labor charges were $ 5 comma 700 ​(1 comma 000 direct labor​ hours) and total direct material charges were $ 14 comma 400. 5. cost of direct materials placed in production during january totaled $ 123 comma 300. there were no indirect material requisitions during january. 6. january 31 balance in raw materials inventory was $ 35 comma 200. 7. finished goods inventory balance on january 31 was $ 35 comma 400. what is the cost of goods manufactured for​ january