Which statement is true?

a. preferred shareholders prefer noncumulative dividends over cumulative dividends.
b. all classes of stock must have equal voting rights per share.
c. from a legal perspective, preferred stock is a form of corporate equity.
d. common shareholders elect the corporate directors while the preferred shareholders vote on mergers and acquisitions.
e. preferred dividends provide tax-free income to individual investors.

Uppose stanley's office supply purchases 50,000 boxes of pens every year. ordering costs are $100 per order and carrying costs are $0.40 per box. moreover, management has determined that the eoq is 5,000 boxes. the vendor now offers a quantity discount of $0.20 per box if the company buys pens in order sizes of 10,000 boxes. determine the before-tax benefit or loss of accepting the quantity discount. (assume the carrying cost remains at $0.40 per box whether or not the discount is taken.)

The federal reserve's organization while all members of the federal reserve board of governors vote at federal open market committee (fomc) meetings, only of the regional bank presidents are members of the fomc. the federal reserve's role as a lender of last resort involves lending to which of the following financially troubled institutions? u.s. banks that cannot borrow elsewhere governments in developing countries during currency crises u.s. state governments when they run short on tax revenues the federal reserve's primary tool for changing the money supply is . in order to decrease the number of dollars in the u.s. economy (the money supply), the federal reserve will government bonds.

Randall's, inc. has 20,000 shares of stock outstanding with a par value of $1.00 per share. the market value is $12 per share. the balance sheet shows $42,000 in the capital in excess of par account, $20,000 in the common stock account, and $50,500 in the retained earnings account. the firm just announced a 5 percent (small) stock dividend. what will the balance in the retained earnings account be after the dividend?