Which of the following was identified in the textbook as a disadvantage of participating in strategic alliances and joint ventures?

a. gain access to a foreign market neutralizing or blocking competitors
b. economies of scale risk and cost sharing partial loss of decision autonomy

The correct answer is "b. Economies of scale Risk and cost sharing Partial loss of decision autonomy".

Explanation: "Economies of scale Risk and cost sharing Partial loss of decision autonomy" was identified as a disadvantage of participating in strategic alliances and joint ventures, because in alliances of this nature, risk and costs are shared, which causes a higher level of these and autonomy in decision-making is affected because decisions must be taken together, not by the will of only one of the parties.

d. the economy will face inflation.