The cost of common stock equity is a. the cost of the guaranteed stated dividend expected by the stockholders b. the afterminustax cost of the interest obligations c. the rate at which investors discount the expected dividends of the firm to determine its share value d. the historical cost of floating the stock issue

 Option C                

Explanation: In simple words, cost of equity refers to the minimum amount of return that a company have to give to its investors to convince them to invest in the company with the current share price in the market.  

It can also be seen as the amount of expected return that investors are willing to get based upon the current level of risk and market conditions.

     This rate of return is used by investors in valuing the share of the stock. Investors discount back the expected future inflows to the present value by using this rate as the discounting rate.

It gives the idea of how much an investor should invest today if he or she get the expected dividend in the future.

the correct answer is:

it required the president to inform congress within forty-eight hours of any new troop commitment.

the war powers resolution (1973) is a federal law designed to limit the u.s. president’s ability to initiate or intensify military actions abroad without the approval of the congress.

it establishes that the president can send armed forces into action abroad only by declaration of war by congress, statutory authorization, or in case of a national emergency created by attack upon the united states, its territories or possessions, or its armed forces.

it requires the president to notify congress within 48 hours of sending armed forces to military action.