The actions that cannot be taken as a result of an action that is taken are
known as the of the action taken.
a. price
b. expense
c. downside
d. opportunity cost

D. opportunity cost

Explanation:

Opportunity cost is the foregone benefit as a result of making a particular choice. It is the value of the next best alternative. For example, if a student opts has $10 and buys a pen, then he cannot use that money to buy anything else.  Suppose the student needed a book that cost the same amount, the book is the opportunity cost.

Opportunity cost arises due to the scarcity of time and resources. If one is attending a movie, then he or she can not be in class at the same time. Should they decide to go to the movies, classwork is the opportunity cost.

answer: i'd say the answer is d because the information system is the human already doing the activity.