The ceo of tough mudder believes that teams in his company are not working as effectively as they could, and he is asking you for advice. provide the best answer to his question."our teams in different countries have learned a great deal, so i am putting together an international team to study and share the best practices that have been developed. this team will have people from each continent where we operate. how should i plan to manage this team? "a. speak about everyone on the team as though they are the same to team members feel they are being treated equally. do not single people out for special recognition. b. understand that some people use online technology more than others and cannot be expected to participate as much. accept that internet culture often involves "trolling," or disrespectful disagreement, and do not interfere if this happens. c. encourage team members to socialize online by sharing photos and videos. reach out to people from cultures where proactively sharing ideas is not valued. d. to promote a sense of privacy, do not monitor online team communications. keep information that may change frequently to yourself, as sharing it would be confusing

Reliability and validity reliability and validity are two important considerations that must be made with any type of data collection. reliability refers to the ability to consistently produce a given result. in the context of psychological research, this would mean that any instruments or tools used to collect data do so in consistent, reproducible ways. unfortunately, being consistent in measurement does not necessarily mean that you have measured something correctly. to illustrate this concept, consider a kitchen scale that would be used to measure the weight of cereal that you eat in the morning. if the scale is not properly calibrated, it may consistently under- or overestimate the amount of cereal that’s being measured. while the scale is highly reliable in producing consistent results (e.g., the same amount of cereal poured onto the scale produces the same reading each time), those results are incorrect. this is where validity comes into play. validity refers to the extent to which a given instrument or tool accurately measures what it’s supposed to measure. while any valid measure is by necessity reliable, the reverse is not necessarily true. researchers strive to use instruments that are both highly reliable and valid.