In attempting to solve the problems caused by a lowering of the price of oil, oil companies operating in the north sea have taken a variety of approaches, which includes their reducing employment, using new technology to pump oil more efficiently from smaller fields, and finding innovative ways to cut the cost of building and operating platforms.(a) which includes their reducing employment, using new technology to pump oil more efficiently(b) which includes reducing employment, using new technology to be more efficient in pumping oil(c) which include reducing employment, using new technology to pump oil more efficiently(d) which include the reduction of employment, their using new technology to pump oil more efficiently(e) including a reduction of employment, their use of new technology to be more efficient at pumping oil

Wo firms, a and b, each currently dump 50 tons of chemicals into the local river. the government has decided to reduce the pollution and from now on will require a pollution permit for each ton of pollution dumped into the river. it costs firm a $100 for each ton of pollution that it eliminates before it reaches the river, and it costs firm b $50 for each ton of pollution that it eliminates before it reaches the river. the government gives each firm 20 pollution permits. government officials are not sure whether to allow the firms to buy or sell the pollution permits to each other. what is the total cost of reducing pollution if firms are not allowed to buy and sell pollution permits from each other? what is the total cost of reducing pollution if the firms are allowed to buy and sell permits from each other? a. $3,000; $1,500 b. $4,500; $3,500 c. $4,500; $4,000 d. $4,500; $2,500