Afull irb committee meeting is convened. the irb committee roster consists of 15 members. however, only 8 members are in attendance for today's meeting. one of the irb members is principal investigator for one of the studies being reviewed and receives a portion of her salary from the supporting grant.

What could explain why a decrease in taxes could lead to a less-than-proportionate increase in output? a. as a result of diminishing returns to current consumption, consumers may choose to spread the extra spending over the long term rather than consuming the proceeds of a tax cut all at once. b. consumers may choose to save much of the tax cut in anticipation of having to pay higher taxes in the future. c. a decrease in taxes will necessitate lower government outlays, thus largely offsetting the higher consumption expenditures of households. d. all of the above. e. a and b only.