Afirm emphasizing long-term employment, collective decision making, individual responsibility, slow evaluation and promotion, informal control, moderately specialized career paths, and a holistic concern for employees is known as:

Theory Z

Explanation:

Theory Z, is a combination of both Japanese and US management Philosophy, thus, it strongly believes in the Japanese long term employment culture, whilst adopting the US collective decision making, which upholds values such as collaboration. Theory Z, is an hybrid management philosophy, that incorporates the best management practices of both Japanese and US cultures

answer; career pathways;