In the short-run keynesian model where the marginal propensity to consume is 0.75, to offset a recessionary gap resulting from a $1 billion decrease in autonomous consumption, taxes must be: (hint: first calculate the expenditure multiplier, then use this to determine the size of the gap. finally, calculate the change in taxes required to close this gap.)

Suppose matt and bree go out to get pizza. they order breadsticks and a large pepperoni pizza. after eating the breadsticks, and one piece of pizza bree decides to have an additional piece, but she does not eat a third piece. if bree is a rational individual why did she not eat the third piece of pizza? the marginal cost of the

Match the various steps in the creative process undertaken by the ad agency for developing the campaign for wpu, to the steps in young's model of the creative process.creative process in developing wpu's campaignyoung's modelafter intensive analysis of the data and several rounds of brainstorming, the agency executives decided to take a break from this project (the wpu campaign), and instead work on a different client's project before tackling the wpu project again.using a combination of animatics and storyboards, the ad agency conducted research with a representative sample of sixty target consumers to pretest the campaign theme and the creative execution.during a brainstorming session in the creative department, a copywriter's suggestion for a slogan for wpu was recognized as an excellent central idea that could drive the campaign for wpu.the account planning, account management and creative departments at the ad agency had a series of meetings and brainstorming sessions to discuss the creative brief and the results of all the primary and secondary research done with the target consumers.the account planning and the account management groups at the ad agency conducted primary research with a representative sample of the target segment and also studied secondary research data to gain insights required for the campaign development process.

Reliability and validity reliability and validity are two important considerations that must be made with any type of data collection. reliability refers to the ability to consistently produce a given result. in the context of psychological research, this would mean that any instruments or tools used to collect data do so in consistent, reproducible ways. unfortunately, being consistent in measurement does not necessarily mean that you have measured something correctly. to illustrate this concept, consider a kitchen scale that would be used to measure the weight of cereal that you eat in the morning. if the scale is not properly calibrated, it may consistently under- or overestimate the amount of cereal that’s being measured. while the scale is highly reliable in producing consistent results (e.g., the same amount of cereal poured onto the scale produces the same reading each time), those results are incorrect. this is where validity comes into play. validity refers to the extent to which a given instrument or tool accurately measures what it’s supposed to measure. while any valid measure is by necessity reliable, the reverse is not necessarily true. researchers strive to use instruments that are both highly reliable and valid.