The capm/sml and discounted cash flow approaches to estimating the cost of retained earnings will be the same under which of the following conditions?

(a) the company's common stock price is in equilibrium.
(b) the company's preferred stock price is in equilibrium.
(c) the company's common stock is undervalued.
(d) none of the above.

What are the forecasted levels of the line of credit and special dividends? (hints: create a column showing the ratios for the current year; then create a new column showing the ratios used in the forecast. also, create a preliminary forecast that doesn’t include any new line of credit or special dividends. identify the financing deficit or surplus in this preliminary forecast and then add a new column that shows the final forecast that includes any new line of credit or special dividend.) now assume that the growth in sales is only 3%. what are the forecasted levels of the line of credit and special dividends?

The state troopers in one state have a motto, “nine you’re fine; ten you’re mine,” which is the standard that they use for pulling over speeders on the state highways. in other words, if the posted speed limit is 55 mph, drivers can drive at a rate up to 64 mph without fear of getting a ticket. which of the following best describes the ethical culture in the state? a. the troopers are following a standard of positive law. b. the troopers are following a normative standard. c. the troopers are following a headline test. d. the troopers are following the blanchard/peale standard.

Afamily wishes to save for future college expenses. which financial tool should the family invest in?