On january 1, 2019, tonika company issued a four-year, $10,000, 7% bond. the interest is payable annually each december 31. the issue price was $9,668 based on an 8% effective interest rate. tonika uses the effective-interest amortization method. the interest expense on the income statement for the year ended december 31, 2019 is closest to:

3. saving two consumers, larry and jeff, have utility functions defined over the two periods of their lives: middle age (period zero) and retirement (period 1). they have the same income in period 0 of m dollars and they will not earn income in period 1. the interest rate they face is r. larry’s and jeff’s utility functions are as follow. = 0.5 + 0.5 and = 0.5 + 0.5 for each person is between zero and one and represents each consumer’s temporal discount econ 340: intermediate microeconomics. ben van kammen: purdue university. rate. a. write the budget constraint that applies to both jeff and larry in terms of consumption in each period and ), interest rate, and m. b. what is larry’s and what is jeff’s marginal rate of intertemporal substitution? c. what is the slope of the budget constraint? d. write each consumer’s condition for lifetime utility maximization. e. re-arrange the conditions from part (d) to solve for the ratio, . f. if > which consumer will save more of his middle age income? g. if > 1 1+ , in which period will larry consume more: = 0 or = 1?

Assume you plan to start a new enterprise; you know the probability of having losses for the first three years of operations is almost 90 percent, and you know you will report a substantial amount of income from other sources during those same three years. from a tax perspective, which of the following entity choices would not allow you to offset the entity losses against your income from other sources? c corporation s corporation llc general partnership

The expenditures and receipts below are related to land, land improvements, and buildings acquired for use in a business enterprise. the receipts are enclosed in parentheses. money borrowed to pay building contractor (signed a note) $(276,500 ) (b) payment for construction from note proceeds 276,500 (c) cost of land fill and clearing 11,220 (d) delinquent real estate taxes on property assumed by purchaser 8,340 (e) premium on 6-month insurance policy during construction 12,060 (f) refund of 1-month insurance premium because construction completed early (2,010 ) (g) architect’s fee on building 27,040 (h) cost of real estate purchased as a plant site (land $206,800 and building $55,900) 262,700 (i) commission fee paid to real estate agency 9,620 (j) installation of fences around property 4,030 (k) cost of razing and removing building 10,130 (l) proceeds from salvage of demolished building (4,910 ) (m) interest paid during construction on money borrowed for construction 13,700 (n) cost of parking lots and driveways 17,690 (o) cost of trees and shrubbery planted (permanent in nature) 14,080 (p) excavation costs for new building 2,950 identify each item by letter and list the items in columnar form.