Toyota sources parts from suppliers globally, ships them to manufacturing plants all over the world for vehicle assembly, and sells the finished new automobiles to end consumers through an international network of franchised and company-owned dealerships. the process by which the company manages upstream and downstream value-added flows of materials, final goods, and related information is known as
a. a value delivery network
b. an administered vms
c. a multichannel distribution system
d. supply chain management
e. a horizontal marketing system