What are the key stages involved in an innovation process? and what are the characteristic sets of activities which take place at each stage? how could such an innovation process look for:

a fast-food restaurant chain?
an electronic test equipment maker?
a hospital?
an insurance company?
a new entrant biotechnology firm?

Examine the following book-value balance sheet for university products inc. the preferred stock currently sells for $30 per share and pays a dividend of $3 a share. the common stock sells for $16 per share and has a beta of 0.9. there are 2 million common shares outstanding. the market risk premium is 9%, the risk-free rate is 5%, and the firm’s tax rate is 40%. book-value balance sheet (figures in $ millions) assets liabilities and net worth cash and short-term securities $ 2.0 bonds, coupon = 6%, paid annually (maturity = 10 years, current yield to maturity = 8%) $ 5.0 accounts receivable 3.0 preferred stock (par value $15 per share) 3.0 inventories 7.0 common stock (par value $0.20) 0.4 plant and equipment 21.0 additional paid-in stockholders’ equity 13.6 retained earnings 11.0 total $ 33.0 total $ 33.0 a. what is the market debt-to-value ratio of the firm? (do not round intermediate calculations. enter your answer as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places.) b. what is university’s wacc? (do not round intermediate calculations. enter your answer as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places.)

Although appealing to more refined tastes, art as a collectible has not always performed so profitably. during 2003, an auction house sold a sculpture at auction for a price of $10,211,500. unfortunately for the previous owner, he had purchased it in 2000 at a price of $12,177,500. what was his annual rate of return on this sculpture? (a negative answer should be indicated by a minus sign. do not round intermediate calculations and enter your answer as

Which of the following constitute the types of unemployment occurring at the natural rate of unemployment? a. frictional and cyclical unemployment.b. structural and frictional unemployment.c. cyclical and structural unemployment.d. frictional, structural, and cyclical unemployment.