Which of the following statements best describes a chart of accounts?
a. it can contain only 39 accounts.
b. it assures the equality of debits and credits.
c. it contains the beginning balance for each account in the ledger.
d. it s a list of account titles in the order in which they can be found in the ledger.

Reliability and validity reliability and validity are two important considerations that must be made with any type of data collection. reliability refers to the ability to consistently produce a given result. in the context of psychological research, this would mean that any instruments or tools used to collect data do so in consistent, reproducible ways. unfortunately, being consistent in measurement does not necessarily mean that you have measured something correctly. to illustrate this concept, consider a kitchen scale that would be used to measure the weight of cereal that you eat in the morning. if the scale is not properly calibrated, it may consistently under- or overestimate the amount of cereal that’s being measured. while the scale is highly reliable in producing consistent results (e.g., the same amount of cereal poured onto the scale produces the same reading each time), those results are incorrect. this is where validity comes into play. validity refers to the extent to which a given instrument or tool accurately measures what it’s supposed to measure. while any valid measure is by necessity reliable, the reverse is not necessarily true. researchers strive to use instruments that are both highly reliable and valid.

The gorman group is a financial planning services firm owned and operated by nicole gorman. as of october 31, 2016, the end of the fiscal year, the accountant for the gorman group prepared an end-of-period spreadsheet, part of which follows:

Oliver queen buys 100 shares of stock in green arrow archery corporation, a publicly traded company with which he is not affiliated as a director, officer, or employee. he then sells his 100 shares to john diggle. the sec sues oliver because he didn't register the sale of stock to john. who wins? oliver, because the sale falls into the nonissuer exemption oliver, because the sale falls into the private placement exemption the sec, because the transaction is not exempt from registration the sec, because even exempt transactions must be registered with the sec