Interest groups may use in mass-circulation magazines, newspapers, and television to improve their standing in the community at large, whereas occurs when a lobbying group urges its members to contact their elected representatives directly with letters, emails, or phone calls.

Annuity payments are assumed to come at the end of each payment period (termed an ordinary annuity). however, an exception occurs when the annuity payments come at the beginning of each period (termed an annuity due). what is the future value of a 13-year annuity of $2,800 per period where payments come at the beginning of each period? the interest rate is 9 percent. use appendix c for an approximate answer, but calculate your final answer using the formula and financial calculator methods. to find the future value of an annuity due when using the appendix tables, add 1 to n and subtract 1 from the tabular value. for example, to find the future value of a $100 payment at the beginning of each period for five periods at 10 percent, go to appendix c for n = 6 and i = 10 percent. look up the value of 7.716 and subtract 1 from it for an answer of 6.716 or $671.60 ($100 × 6.716)

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“strategy, plans, and budgets are unrelated to one another.” do you agree? explain. explain how the manager’s choice of the type of responsibility center (cost, revenue, profit, or investment) affects the behavior of other employees.