When the money supply decreases, other things being equal,
a. real interest rates fall and investment spending rises
b. real interest rates fall and investment spending falls
c. real interest rates rise and investment spending falls
d. none of the above

C. real interest rates rise and investment spending falls

Explanation:

Due to the decrease in the money supply, keeping other things remain constant. The investment spending falls and due to the shortage of money, the real interest rate is rise so that it will become expensive for the customer to take out the loan.  

Hence, it shows a direct relationship between the change in money supply and the investment spending while in respect of real interest rate it shows an inverse relationship between the change in money supply and real interest rate.  

Hence, all other options are wrong except C.

1) the stages a new product goes through from beginning to end, i.e., the stages that a product passes through from introduction through growth, maturity, and decline. 2) the time from initial research and development to the time at which sales and support of the product to customers are withdrawn. 3) the period of time during which a product can be produced and marketed profitably.

                                          hope it

answer; intellectual property protection;