Which of the following steps in kotter's eight-step plan for implementing change represents the "movement" stage in lewin's three-step model? a) establish a sense of urgency by creating a compelling reason for why change is needed. b) plan for, create, and reward short-term "wins" that propel the organization toward the new vision. c) form a coalition with enough power to lead the change. d) create a new vision to direct the change and strategies for achieving the vision. e) reinforce the changes by demonstrating the relationship between new behaviors and organizational success.

Atlas manufacturing produces a unique valve, and has the capacity to produce 50,000 valves annually. currently atlas produces 40,000 valves and is thinking about increasing production to 45,000 valves next year. what is the most likely behavior of total manufacturing costs and unit manufacturing costs given this change? a. total manufacturing costs will increase and unit manufacturing costs will also increase. b. total manufacturing costs will stay the same and unit manufacturing costs will stay the same. c. total manufacturing costs will increase and unit manufacturing costs will decrease. d. total manufacturing costs will increase and unit manufacturing costs will stay the same.

In terms of the "great wheel of science", statistics are central to the research process (a) only between the hypothesis phase and the observation phase (b) only between the observation phase and the empirical generalization phase (c) only between the theory phase and the hypothesis phase (d) only between the empirical generalization phase and the theory phase

Akika corporation started as a small firm and has grown substantially in the past decade. its interests span from electronics to real estate and aviation. akika's board of directors have now decided to create independent business units for and categorize the actions performed under each domain. each business unit will have distinct roles and responsibilities. which of the 14 principles of fayol does this exemplify?