15. capital structure. in 2015, caterpillar inc. had about 582 million shares outstanding. their book value was $27.30 per share, and the market price was $71.50 per share. the company’s balance sheet shows that the company had $25.2 billion of long-term debt, which was currently selling near par value. a. what was caterpillar’s book debt-to-value ratio? b. what was its market debt-to-value ratio? c. which of these two measures should you use to calculate the company’s cost of capital?