Which of the following statements is true? a. the venture capital market is the primary source of financing for established firms with proven profitability. b. firm commitment underwriting is far less prevalent for large issues than best efforts underwriting, which is likely due to the lower uncertainty of smaller issues. c. the direct and indirect costs of going public can be substantial, and once a firm goes public, it will not be able to easily raise additional capital. d. a green shoe provision gives the underwriters the right to purchase additional shares at the offer price to cover overallotments