Which of the following is true of nonvalue-added activities?

a. nonvalue-added activities are all activities other than those that are absolutely essential to remain in business.
b. nonvalue-added activities enable other activities to be performed.
c. nonvalue-added activities are necessary to comply with legal mandates.
d. nonvalue-added activities meet the organization's needs, not the product needs.

Asupermarket has been experiencing long lines during peak periods of the day. the problem is noticeably worse on certain days of the week, and the peak periods are sometimes different according to the day of the week. there are usually enough workers on the job to open all cash registers. the problem is knowing when to call some of the workers stocking shelves up to the front to work the checkout counters. how might decision models the supermarket? what data would be needed to develop these models?