Ralph formed a corporation as a fund manager. he accepted money from his customers, promising to invest it and build cash value for them. instead, he kept the money for himself to enjoy a lavish lifestyle. the court removed liability protection from his corporate entity because the incorporation had been used to perpetuate fraud. this is an example of:

Levine inc., which produces a single product, has prepared the following standard cost sheet for one unit of the product. direct materials (9 pounds at $1.80 per pound) $16.20 direct labor (6 hours at $14.00 per hour) $84.00 during the month of april, the company manufactures 270 units and incurs the following actual costs. direct materials purchased and used (2,500 pounds) $5,000 direct labor (1,660 hours) $22,908 compute the total, price, and quantity variances for materials and labor.