Turner, a billing executive, goes directly above his immediate boss, ally, to charlie for permission to take his lunch break 30 minutes earlier. charlie, believing the request is reasonable, approves it, only to find out later that the other two people in turner's department had also rescheduled their lunch breaks. thus, the department would be totally vacant from 12: 30 to 1 o'clock. ally, the bypassed manager, would have known about the other rescheduled lunch breaks. this situation best describes (a) the problem with circumcenting the scalar principle. (b) the exception principle. (c) the acceptance theory. (d) the problem with delegation of authority. (e) centralization in an organization.

Calculate the cost of each capital component—in other words, the after-tax cost of debt, the cost of preferred stock (including flotation costs), and the cost of equity (ignoring flotation costs). use both the capm method and the dividend growth approach to find the cost of equity.calculate the cost of new stock using the dividend growth approach.what is the cost of new common stock based on the capm? (hint: find the difference between re and rs as determined by the dividend growth approach and then add that difference to the capm value for rs.)assuming that gao will not issue new equity and will continue to use the same target capital structure, what is the company’s wacc? e. suppose gao is evaluating three projects with the following characteristics.each project has a cost of $1 million. they will all be financed using the target mix of long-term debt, preferred stock, and common equity. the cost of the common equity for each project should be based on the beta estimated for the project. all equity will come from reinvested earnings.equity invested in project a would have a beta of 0.5 and an expected return of 9.0%.equity invested in project b would have a beta of 1.0 and an expected return of 10.0%.equity invested in project c would have a beta of 2.0 and an expected return of 11.0%.analyze the company’s situation, and explain why each project should be accepted or rejected g

Leticia has worked for 20 years in the public relations department of a large firm and has been the vice-president for the past ten years. it is unlikely she will ever be promoted to the top executive position in her firm even though she has directed several successful projects and is quite capable. her lack of promotion is an illustration of (a) the "glass ceiling" (b) the "glass elevator" (c) the "mommy track" (d) sexual harassment

Brenda wants a new car that will be dependable transportation and look good. she wants to satisfy both functional and psychological needs. true or false