Which of the following best illustrates the application of the model-building process to economics?
a. on a sunday morning talk show, two economists with differing political agendas argue about the best way to solve the social security problem on a sunday morning talk show.
b. a labor economist notices that unemployment tends to be higher among teenagers than more experienced workers, develops a model, and gathers data to test the hypotheses in the model.
c. a ph. d. student in economics develops a plausible mathematical model of an industry for his dissertation, but there is no data to test the model.
d. economists come to believe that some economic models are true simply because prominent leading economists say they are true.

On january 15, the end of the first biweekly pay period of the year, north company’s payroll register showed that its employees earned $32,000 of sales salaries. withholdings from the employees’ salaries include fica social security taxes at the rate of 6.2%, fica medicare taxes at the rate of 1.45%, $3,000 of federal income taxes, $772 of medical insurance deductions, and $260 of union dues. no employee earned > $7,000 in this first period. prepare the journal entry to record north company’s january 15 (employee) payroll expenses and liabilities.

Variable rate cd’s = $90 treasury bills = $150 discount loans = $20 treasury notes = $100 fixed rate cds = $160 money market deposit accts. = $140 savings deposits = $90 fed funds borrowing = $40 variable rate mortgage loans $140 demand deposits = $40 primary reserves = $50 fixed rate loans = $210 fed funds lending = $50 equity capital = $120 a. develop a balance sheet from the above data. be sure to divide your balance sheet into rate-sensitive assets and liabilities as we did in class and in the examples. b. perform a standard gap analysis and a duration analysis using the above data if you have a 1.15% decrease in interest rates and an average duration of assets of 5.4 years and an average duration of liabilities of 3.8 years. c. indicate if this bank will remain solvent after the valuation changes. if so, indicate the new level of equity capital after the valuation changes. if not, indicate the amount of the shortage in equity capital.

Lycan, inc., has 7.5 percent coupon bonds on the market that have 8 years left to maturity. the bonds make annual payments and have a par value of $1,000. if the ytm on these bonds is 9.5 percent, what is the current bond price? (do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.) current bond price