In soldano v. o'daniels, the court re-examined the common-law rule of nonliability for not taking affirmative action to save someone from peril. the court considered which of the following factors with respect to imposing duties for affirmative action by third parties? a) the examination and balancing of intervening causes and physical capabilities. b) the financial duties of victim to rescuer. c) moral blame attached to the defendant's conduct and the policy of preventing future harm. d) moral blame attached to the victim's conduct.

Penny poodle wanted to know which dog obedience training program was more effective: puppy pride, the approach she has been using for any years, or doggie do-right, a new approach. penny convinced 50 human companions of untrained dogs to participate in her study. the dogs and their humans were randomly assigned to complete the puppy pride or doggie do-right course. at the end of the training programs, all of the dogs were scored on their level of obedience on a standardized dog obedience checklist (scores could range from 10 to 100). the design of this study is: